The Law on the farmers' social insurance provides two forms of covering by insurance. According to the conditions satisfactory for the interested person, the covering by insurance takes place either on the strength of a law (obligatorily) or on demand (voluntarily). From the fact of being covered by the farmers' social insurance emerges the obligation to pay quarterly contribution, regardless the form of this coverage (obligatory, voluntary). Such obligation should be fulfilled by the owner of the farm who conducts the agricultural activity on his own account.
The following persons are covered obligatorily by the farmers' social insurance:

1. a farmer who conducts the agricultural activity on his own account as the owner (independent or dependent) of the farm situated in the Republic of Poland and possessing above 1 hectare of arable land or a special section of agricultural production, according to the interpretation of tax regulations,
   
2. a farmer's spouse who works constantly on the farm, in the special section of agricultural production or keeps the house which is directly connected with a farm,
   
3. a member of the household, i.e. a person close to a farmer who
   
   • is at least 16 years old,
     
   • remains a farmer in the common household or lives on the farm or in the neighbourhood,
     
   • works constantly on the farm and is not employed by a farmer as a worker, if those persons are not covered by other social insurance and do not have right to old-age pension or disability pension from the farmers' social insurance or other social insurance.
     

The exception to this rule are those who conduct agricultural activity or work on the farm and at the same time conduct non-agricultural economic activity or cooperate in conducting such activity. According to the Law of 1 January 1997, these persons may choose the system by which they want to be covered, according to the Law.

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